The 7 Habits Of Highly Effective People by Stephen R....

Stephen R. Covey, the author of â€Å"The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People,† is empowering readers with problem solving tools needed to overcome the routine to the extreme situations of personal and workplace environments. Covey explains simply that you don’t have to be a genius to apply these principles of 7 habits, but you will have to possess balanced dimensions of nature: physical, spiritual, mental, and social/emotional. The ideas explained by Covey start by using the principles of natural laws and using these laws such as fairness, integrity, and honesty to increase your â€Å"circle of influence† which builds off of your proactive energy. This energy depends mainly upon your physical dimension; therefore, if you are having trouble with†¦show more content†¦The author’s idea of thinking win/win moves your development to thinking of others as well as yourself. This school of thought requires a good social/emotional dimension to recognize the needs of others as well as your own. When you have a concrete win/win or no deal mentality all will benefit or there will be no activity. By having a win/win situation you leave the door of relations to be opened on a later day, and you will decrease the chance of a withdrawal by yourself or others. By first seeking to understand a situation, you will be better prepared for the actions you should take. This understanding will need a good social/emotional dimension. If you try and resolve something before fully diagnosing the situation, you may fix a problem that is not in need of fixing. In order to understand a problem you must be attentive to every detail, and you must be sure to not snap to a quick fix. Understanding that all people are different, and using these differences to build strengths and compensate for weaknesses is the essence of synergy. Everyone has strong points as well as weak points. Combining the differences of several individual’s traits can be used to create one individual objective. Figuring out where to put each strength or weakness will require a good social/emotional dimension. By using others’ various strong points you will be able to out-weighShow MoreRelatedThe 7 Habits Of Highly Effective People By Stephen R Covey772 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People†, Stephen R Covey writes about the seven habits that can change your life forever. As the title suggest, he does this by providing the reader with easy to remember statement that when explained, have a very deep meaning behind them. The Habit that this paper is going to focus on is habit 2. The paper will analyses this habit by explaining what it means, ex amples of people who lived with this mindset, what the authors personal experience is. In Stephen R CoveyRead More The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, by Stephen R. Covey612 Words   |  3 Pages In the self-improvement book, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, author Stephen R. Covey presents an integrated and principle-centered approach for solving personal and professional issues and problems. Covey uses real life examples as well as his own experience to reveal a step-by-step way for living with integrity, honesty, and self-respect. In the book he explains principles that give someone the comfort to adapt to change and the wisdom to take control and full advantage of the opportunitiesRead More7 Habits Of Highly Effective People By Stephen R. Covey1419 Words   |  6 PagesIn the book, â€Å"7 Habits of Highly Effective People† by Stephen R. Covey he explains how the world is entirely based on our own perception. In order to change a situation, we must change ourselves, and in order to change ourselves we have to change our perception. These days , individuals look for quick solutions. They see successful people, companies, and organizations that have achieved success and wonder how they can get a hold of their techniques. The problem is these shortcuts that we all lookRead MoreAnalysis of Stephan R. Covey ´s The 8th Habit: From Effectiveness to Greatness1084 Words   |  5 PagesStephen R. Covey first wrote the self-help book entitled, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, this book has since opened the eyes and hearts to millions of people throughout the world. After discovering the success that so many individuals encountered and still encountering, Dr. Covey decided to write the sequel entitled, The 8th Habit: From Effectiveness to Greatness. This habit is explained as, â€Å"Finding your voice, your calling, your soul’s code and inspire others to do the same.† What doesRead More7 Habits by Stephen R. Covey1003 Words   |  5 PagesStephen R. Covey book is titled â€Å"The 7 habits of highly effect ive people† helps to develop individuals’ personality in relation with others. The author takes us on the journey thru becoming proactive. Than we learn to realize where are we going with our life. The next step is to set priorities in our life. What things are important and what things can wait. We also learn how to achieve compromise that is satisfactory to all parties involved in daily activities. The author teaches us how to practiceRead MoreIn One’S Life Everyone Wants To Become A Leader In At Least1543 Words   |  7 PagesDowning and The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen Covey they continue to stress using effective communication and learning so you can become a leader in your home, workplace, and community. They have many ideas on how to help you with concept, but there are four specific ideas that I believe effect this leadership concept the most. I do believe that the most effective way to help become a leader in On Course by Skip Downin g and The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People is self esteemRead MoreThe 7 Habits Of Highly Effective People1239 Words   |  5 PagesAfter reading both Stephen R. Covey’s book â€Å"The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People† and John C Maxwell’s book â€Å"The 21 Indispensable Qualities of a Leader† I can say both of them presented very effective reading tools that shows you ways to improve your overall daily life. The way Stephen Covey accomplished this was by proving us, which is in the title itself, the seven habits which are based on principles. After you learn and develop these principles, they bring long term benefits just like JohnRead MoreThe 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, authored by Steven Covey Book report in APA format1160 Words   |  5 PagesThe 7 Habits of Highly Effective People Stephen Covey authored the book, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, to offer his expert, professional, and personal insight of seven habits, or traits, exhibited by effective people. While outlining the seven habits, he emphasizes that each previous habit is the building block for the next. He also shows how all the habits are tied together to effectively transition through the growth stages of dependence to independence to interdependence to becomeRead MoreJournal Entries for habit1732 Words   |  7 PagesJournal Entries for habit one and two Habit 1: Be Proactive According to Stephen Covey, being proactive is part of human nature and humans are responsible for their own lives. He indicated the details of a social map which consist of Genetic determinism (Ancestors), Psychic determinism (Parents) and Environment determinism (Boss or something in the environment). The proactive concept was explained further using the Stimulus and Response relationship and the catalyst story of Viltor Frankl. BetweenRead MoreThe 7 Habits Of Highly Effective People Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesThe 7 Habits of Highly Effective People Summary The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People is a best selling book by Stephen R. Covey. The book has become a management tool for many companies. Covey wrote the book after reviewing literature on success from the last two centuries. Covey discovered that as he reviewed the literature on success, that the most current literature was based mainly on success based on having the â€Å"right† personality traits. Covey calls this the â€Å"Personality Ethic†. The

What Was Manifest Destiny And How Did The U.s. - 1036 Words

What was Manifest Destiny and how did the U.S. carry it out in the first half of the 19th century? Manifest Destiny was a widely held, but vaguely defined belief system popular by many in the United States during the nineteenth century. The belief was that expansion by the U.S. was justified and something that was inevitable throughout the American continents to achieve and protect the interests of its citizens. They also thought they had a god given mission to lead the world in a peaceful transition to democracy. During the first half of the nineteenth century, Manifest Destiny was carried out by any means necessary. Some of those include land acquisitions, war, removal of Native Americans and treaties. After the war of 1812, the†¦show more content†¦The â€Å"American System† was beneficial for the U.S. until it wasn’t. Most average people were not fond of the â€Å"A.S.† It helped with internal improvements and increased both the speed, amount and price of goods that could be sold. Andrew Jackson and many Democrats were in opposition of th e â€Å"American System† because they believed it was a neo-federalist revival hidden under the cover of the â€Å"American System.† They thought for the â€Å"A.S.† to succeed would require shifting as much power to Washington where a corrupt few could oppress the virtuous many through unjust tariffs, expensive federal commercial projects and other legislative actions. Most of the opponents of the â€Å"A.S.† were planters, farmers, mechanics, non-English white ethnic groups and first time voters who viewed Jackson as an unrefined â€Å"Natural leader.† He was portrayed as a straightforward man of action, a hero the common man could trust. How did Andrew Jackson differ politically from prior U.S. presidents and political tradition? Why did he seem so threatening to the political establishment? What are the legacies of his actions as president and his political style broadly speaking? Andrew Jackson differs from prior U.S. presidents and political tradition in that he did not come from an upper class or fore father family. He was from a poor family and had to earn and work his way into the upper class of society. His controversial actions while being president were heavily scrutinized andShow MoreRelatedManifest Destiny Essay788 Words   |  4 PagesManifest Destiny can be described as a belief, in the 19th century, that North-America was destined to stretch from coast to coast and that the expansion of the U.S. throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable. It is responsible for changing the face of America and creating a new nation (Lubragge, 1809-1900). North-America’s westward expansion was due the American belief â€Å"that the strength of American values and institutions justified moral claims†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , land west of the MississippiRead MoreThere Were Different Researches Done To Show What Caused1059 Words   |  5 P agesThere were different researches done to show what caused the Mexican War. Some say America and others say Mexico themselves. There has been some insight by Ramà ³n Eduardo Ruiz, David J. Weber, Rodolfo Acuà ±a, and Walter Nugent. From Ramà ³n Eduardo Ruiz’s article, there are mentions of the Manifest Destiny. Manifest Destiny played a role in the New World and in Mexico. In â€Å"’From Hell Itself’ The Americanization of Mexico’s Frontier† by David J. Weber, talks about the issues within Mexico that causedRead MoreAmerica s Expansion Of The New Lands852 Words   |  4 PagesThe Manifest Destiny was in nature a benevolent movement and it was also seen as a well-intended deal that was bound to make the country more successful through the means of expanding its boundaries over a vast area. However, the approach which the nation took in the acquisition of the new lands suggests differently as it did in fact greatly benefit America but was truly a much more aggressive form of imperialism. America’s strive to move westward was a thought since the very beginning and expansionRead MoreInsight about the Mexican War and the Manifest Destiny Essay1046 Words   |  5 PagesYou may ask yourself, What is the Mexican War and how did it begin? or What is Manifest Destiny and who came up with it? Those are all very good questions, so let me take the time to give you some insight about the Mexican war and Manifest Destiny. The Manifest Destiny was the belief that the United States was destined to expand from coast to coast. It was the concept that which heavily influenced American policy in the 1800s. Americans supported the manifest destiny because the SouthernersRead MoreWas Manifest Destiny, An Ideology Coined By John L. O Sullivan Essay1100 Words   |  5 PagesEssay 4 Was Manifest Destiny a benevolent movement or in fact was it early imperialism pursued at the expense of others? The Manifest Destiny, an ideology coined by John L. O’Sullivan, described the attitude of American’s in the 19th century in regards to the expansion of the United States. There are disagreements on whether this expansion was a benevolent movement or an act of early imperialism. Some think because the 19th century Americans saw the expansion as a task given by God that was basedRead MoreThe Louisiana Purchase, The Oregon Treaty, And The California Gold Rush948 Words   |  4 PagesThere were many important events that helped to achieve the goal of Manifest Destiny. For example, the Louisiana Purchase, the Oregon Treaty, and the California Gold Rush all helped achieve this goal. All of these events had either increased the amount of land in the United States, or increased the population of people living in Western United States. One event that occurred during the time of Manifest Destiny was the Louisiana Purchase. In the early 1800s, President Thomas Jefferson wanted toRead MoreManifest Destiny Essay1433 Words   |  6 PagesManifest Destiny Westward expansion was a key component that shaped the United States not only geographically, but economically as well. The first sign of any expansion West from the original states was when Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana Purchase from France in 1803. The country was in need of new land in order to accommodate for the expanding population. Once the country started to expand, its power soon followed. The nation had a struggle with expanding because of the Native AmericansRead MoreManifest Destiny By James K. Polk1257 Words   |  6 PagesJack Biernesser Mr. Schulten U.S. History 16 March 2016 Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny is the belief during the 19th century, that the United States of America not only could, but was destined to, stretch from coast to coast. The idea of Manifest Destiny helped to fuel the war with Mexico and the removal of Indians from the United States. The American people and government lived by this belief. Manifest Destiny had many good results like the expansion of the American territory. It also had manyRead MoreEssay on Manifest Destiny 1312 Words   |  6 Pagesthe 1840s, Manifest Destiny helped push America into the next century and make the country part of what it is today. The ideas behind Manifest Destiny played an important role in the development of the United States by allowing the territorial expansion of the 1800s. Without the expansion of the era, America would not have most of the western part of the country it does now. Manifest Destiny, before becoming nationally known, started very meagerly. The term Manifest Destiny was first used byRead MoreThe Determination Of The Rio Grande1377 Words   |  6 Pagesofficial border was influenced by many policies and beliefs. Although one large piece was influenced by the Manifest Destiny. Manifest Destiny was a belief that God wanted America to expand all the way to the west coast of the American Continent. The Americans wanted the Rio Grande to be the Texas border because of this belief. However, Mexico objected and claimed that the Nueces River was the Texas border. The United States did not want the Nueces River to be the border because it did not fulfill the

Contract and Chou free essay sample

The case scenario under review by our team includes a contract law situation involving a board game company and a game inventor. Big Time Toymaker (BTT) is a board game company which develops, manufactures, and distributes board games, and Chou is the name of the inventor of a new strategy game. In this scenario, what began with a payment made from BTT to Chou for exclusive negotiating rights for 90 days, ended in a change in management at BTT, leading to their company no longer having interest in distributing Chou’s game. Several questions will be asked about the validity of the terms agreed upon by the parties involved, including at what point did the parties have a contract, and what role does the statute of frauds play in this contract? Our objective is to analyze the case scenario, including the previously stated questions, and provide the answers to those and other questions pertaining to the scenario and contract law. Question 1 At what point, if ever, did the parties have a contract? There was mutual agreement between Chou and BTT via verbal agreement, and a subsequent email verifying that an agreement had been tentatively reached. According to the terms of distribution between Chou and BTT a contract was only valid if formalized in writing. An argument may be made that three days prior to the 90 day time limit a mutual agreement was reached and valid via an E-contract law. There was mutual assent between both Chou and BTT. The argument for the other side will state there was never a formalized written contract from either Chou or BTT, only an email with a subject heading stating Strat Deal. Is the email a valid contract? Question 2 What facts may weigh in favor of or against Chou in terms of parties’ objective intent to contract? Facts show that BTT sent an email with a subject heading of Strat Deal with information stating that Chou and BTT have reached an agreement. The writing states that after months of no response from BTT and with no management in place the company no longer wishes to distribute Chou’s intellectual property. Chou was in compliance with BTT at all times regarding issues pertaining to Strat. Chou will allege that there was a contract between himself and BTT that was of mutual assent and under E-contract law the emails were valid. Question 3 Does the fact that the parties were communicating by email have any impact on your analysis in questions 1-2 above? According to CA Civil Code 1624, b 3, a, online contracts are endorsable even if writing is required by the statute of frauds. Communication of contracts is valid under E-contract law. There is no impact on analysis made of above stated questions because of online communication. Question 4 What role does the statute of frauds play in this contract? A key factor in any contract is acceptance, and in this case a verbal agreement had been reached three days before the exclusive negotiation right was expired. Chou then said he was going to draw up the contract. Big Time Toymaker (BTT) then sent Chou an email outlining all of the things that they had agreed upon that would be included in the contract. Seeing the email, Chou then assumed that this was the contract to be enforced and did not respond to BTT. Even though Chou received the email, he did not respond to it, thereby giving Chou the defense that silence is never acceptance. However, in E-contact law dictated by CA Civil Code 1624, b, 3, a, it says that online contracts are endorsable even if writing is required by the statute of frauds. In addition, the â€Å"Click On† or â€Å"Click Wrap† agreement clause states that these agreements are enforceable since the opportunity to read and acknowledge was given. The statutes of frauds do play a part in this contract due to the Uniform Commercial Code requiring that the statute of frauds applies to any contract for the sale of goods for $500 or more. However, the exact amount of â€Å"Strat† units that Big Time Toymaker (BTT) will sell or at what cost of each unit is unclear to the reader, it was described in detail in the email BTT sent to Chou. Question 5 Could BTT avoid this contract under the doctrine of mistake? Explain. The new management at BTT cannot avoid this contract under the doctrine of mistake because a mistake was not made by both Chou and the old management team. The mistake by Chou was accepting the email outline of the contract terms as an actual contract agreed to by both parties. Scienter applies to Chou in this case by accepting a seemingly legitimate contract. Would either party have any other defenses that would allow the contract to be avoided? The change of management brought about individuals bound to the same company as the old management team was, therefore, scienter applies to the new management team in privity. The draft sent from Chou and received by BTT is a negotiable instrument. BTT thereby becomes a holder in due course. The inaction of BTT after the draft was sent is in violation of the UCC requirement that all offers are to be open for a reasonable period of 90 days. Chou was under the impression that a contract had been made before that 90 days had expired. Chou has real defense as well as personal defense due to breach of contract and fraud. Question 6 Assuming, arguendo, that this e-mail does constitute an agreement, what consideration supports this agreement? By law, statute of frauds would support this agreement. Due to the terms, there cannot be a lawsuit that can be upheld on particular contracts or arrangements, except if it is written and signed by the authorized party or representative. Under the statute, certain kinds of contracts have to be in writing in order to be enforceable in a court of law (Contracts: Statute of Frauds, 2013). The writing also has to be signed by the person who is held responsible for the contract or by that persons agent. To evade the justification of the Statute of Frauds, one would need to make sure the contracts are in text and signed by the other party; so, if the opposing party does not hold his or her end of the agreement, one would gain from that particular party. Question Assuming BTT and Chou have a contract, and BTT has breached the contract by not distributing the game, discuss what remedies might or might not apply. It is obvious BTT’s manager did not think clearly about protecting BTT from liability. He carelessly wrote the emails, and his careless actions put BTT at risk. This led Chou to believe that this e-mail was meant to replace the earlier notion that he should draft a contract. Although the word contract was not ever used in the e-mail, it said that all of the terms had been agreed upon. The compensation would be awarded to Chou by the court in a civil action due to the wrongful conduct, being the breach from the other party, BTT. If the contract is breached by BTT, Chou will be granted equitable relief by the court, which comes in the form of specific performance, injunctive relief, or reformation. Monetary damages could also be in effect, in which they can be compensatory, resulting from a loss due to nonperformance. Also, consequential, which are indirect but to be expected from non-completion. Restitution would also take place that would be equivalent to total the party has been unfairly supplemented by the non-breaching party, and liquidated, which damages are a preset value rendering from the agreement. The compensatory damages for recovery Chou suffered by the non-breaching party would be the damages that would be awarded to the party in the same situation he would have been in if the other party had executed as agreed upon (Melvin, 2011). After review of the case scenario involving Big Time Toymaker and Chou the game inventor, we have concluded that not only was there a contract agreement between the parties, but that according to E-contract law, Chou may be bound by the terms included in the original email sent from BTT. In addition, the doctrine of mistake cannot be used in this situation because of scienter toward Chou and the old and new management of BTT. Several questions were asked of our team in accordance with contract law and the scenario provided by the textbook. This completes our analysis of the scenario and answers to the questions we were presented.

Gideon vs Wainwright Essay Example For Students

Gideon vs Wainwright Essay The framers formed this country with one sole document, the Constitution, whichthey wrote with great wisdom and foresight. This bountiful wisdom arose from the unjusttreatment of King George to which the colonists were subject. Among these violations ofthe colonists rights were inequitable trials that made a mockery of justice. As a result, afair trial of the accused was a right given to the citizens along with other equities that theframers instilled in every other facet of this countrys government. These assurances ofthe citizens rights stated in the bill of rights. In the Sixth Amendment, it is stated that, In all criminal prosecutions, theaccused shall enjoy the rightto have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense. A firstreading of this phrase one might be think that this right, that which gives a personaccused of a crime to have lawyers for his defense, is common knowledge being that it isamong the most basic rights given to the citizenry of the public. However, the simpleman ner in which this amendment is phrased creates a gray area, and subject tointerpretation under different circumstances. The legitimacy of the right to mount a legaldefense is further obscured by the Fourteenth Amendment which states, No State shallmake or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges of citizens of the UnitedStates. As a result, many questions begin to arise which seek to determine the true rightof the accused to the assistance of counsel. Should legal counsel be provided by thegovernment if the accused lacks the funds to assemble a counsel for his defense? Or, onthe other hand, does this amendment set the responsibility of assembling a defensivecounsel on the accused even if he or she lacks the funds to do so?Also, do the states have the right to make their own legislation regarding the rightof the indigent accused to have counsel appointed to them in the state trials, or does theFourteenth Amendment prevent this? The Supreme Court was faced with answering the sequestions in the case of Gideon v. Wainwright. In June of 1961, Clarence Earl Gideon, a fifty year old petty thief, drifter, andgambler who had spent much of his life in and out of jail was arrested in Panama CityFlorida. He was charged with breaking into a poolroom one night in an effort to stealbeer, Coke, and coins from a cigarette machine (Goodman 62). From the outset, Gideon insisted that he was innocent. His trial commenced in aFlorida courtroom in August of that year. Gideon informed the Judge that he was notprepared for the trial to begin because he had not assembled a legal counsel in hisdefense. He then requested that the court appoint counsel to represent him (Goodman62). The Judge responded with the following statement: Mr. Gideon, I am sorry, but I cannot appoint Counsel to represent you in this case. Under the laws of the State of Florida, the only time the Court can appoint Counsel to represent a defendant is when that person is charged with a capital offense. I am sorry, but I will have to deny your request to appoint Counsel to defend you in this case (372 U.S. 335)The trial continued, and Gideon directed his defense; but his efforts were futile as onecould expect from a common man with no legal education or experience. The juryconvicted him of the felonious charges and gave Gideon the maximum five year sentence(Goodman 62). At the time of Gideons trial in the Florida court the right to legal counselensured by the Sixth Amendment was only applicable to federal cases, and states had theright to handle the matter of the appointment of legal counsel to the defense in state casesat their discretion (Asch, 135). This practice was an effect of the outcome of the UnitedStates Supreme Court case of Betts v. Brady decided in 1942. In this case, anunemployed farm worker in Maryland named Smith Betts was charged with robberyrequested that the court appoint counsel to his defense. The judge denied this request onthe grounds that in that county it was no t practice in that county for the court to appointcounsel to poor defendants only in capital cases. Like Gideon, Betts conducted his owndefense and was convicted and sentenced to eight years in prison. Betts sent an appeal tothe Supreme Court, but the Court ruled against Betts because, the courts opinion was inthe great majority of states, it has been the considered judgment of the people, theirrepresentatives, and their courts that the appointment of counsel is not a fundamentalright, essential to a fair trial (Goodman 64). With the precedent set by the ruling of Brady v. Betts, the denial of theappointment of counsel by the trial court in the Gideon case was issued with just reason. Importance Of Reading EssayThis decision meant that Gideon received a new trial. A trial in which he had equitablerepresentation by a competent lawyer. In Gideons retrial, his court appointed attorneyfulfilled his duties with such excellence that Gideon was acquitted. This decision had many profound implications. For starters, all hundreds of otherprisoners who had been convicted without benefit of defense counsel won their releaseFlorida jails, as well as the jails of other states (Goodman 66). This may be disconcertingbecause some of these prisoners may have been guilty of their crimes or hardened byprison, and these prisoners are being casually released into society. The State of Floridashould have retried these prisoners instead of releasing them. However, the retrialprocess brings up another question If a prisoner had a trial but was denied legal counsel,does it violate the section of the Fifth Amendment, which states that, Nor shall anyperson be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb. TheFifth Amendment guarantees the right of a person who is acquitted to not be tried againfor the same crime. Since the prosecutor cannot appeal like a convict can, or try theseprisoners again in a new equitable and legitimate trial, does it mean that these freedprisoners will not be retried?That is not all the decision accomplished, however. The most importantimplication set fort in this trial is the further proof of the legitimacy of the dominance ofthe federal government over the states. The power of the Federal government has grownsince the Civil War, in which legitimacy of the federal government was firmlyestablished. The southern states felt that the true power was invested in the state, and thattheir secession was justified. After the defeat of these secessionist states, the legitimacyof the Federal government was established, and has grown since that time. The marker ofthis is the Fourteenth Amendment which prohibits the states fr om enacting and enforcingany law which abridges the rights of the citizens set forth by the Bill of Rights. Thistheme fits the Gideon case because the ruling meant that the states must give the SixthAmendment guarantee to the defendant who is accused of violating a state law. Thismeans that the state no longer has the power of discretion in the execution of its ownlaws. However, in this case, the dominance of the federal government is all necessary andproper in order to create unity in the ensure that the rights of the citizens set forth by theconstitution are not infringed by the state. Works CitedGoodman, Elaine and Walter. The Rights of the People. Toronto: Doubleday, 1971. Asch, Sindey H. Civil Rights and Responsibilites under the Constitution. New York:Arco Publishing Company, 1968. Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335 (1963). Wilson, James, and John J. DiIulio, Jr. American Government, institutions and Policies. Lexington, Massachusetts: D.C. Heath and Company, 1995. Justice Under Law: the Gideon Case. Videocassette. Encyclopedia Britanica EducationalCorporation, 1967. Barker, Lucius, and Twiley Barker, Jr. Civil Liberties and the Constitution. New Jersey:Prentince Hall, 1990.