Organizational Development paper

Organizational development (OD) as a technique helps to effect change in a company to improve its effectiveness. It contributes to a change process, and establishes long-term activities, including operation of self-managed or autonomous teams as well as problem solving opportunities (Anderson, 2011, p.2).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Development paper specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More OD applies to scientific knowledge on behavioral development that embraces a number of concepts, including work design, leadership skills, team building and international design. The system is a flexible scheme that entails implementation of changes. Furthermore, it should adapt quickly to changes and, when the new data is introduced or experienced, it should be ready to process it (Cummings and Worley, 2008, p. 50). Indeed, it involves a long range of efforts that will improve problem-solving strategies, as well as its ability to face various challenges within an organization (Cummings and Worley, 2008, p. 2). Organizational development considers change a process that involves a set of such activities as planning, diagnosing, assessing, and implementing (Jex and Britt, 2008, p. 477). The organizational development process assures the establishment of favorable relationship within a work environment and outside it and provides groups with the possibility to initiate and manage change. Further, organizational development is considered a set of core values, such as respect and commitment, genuineness and cooperation, self-awareness and improvement, democracy and feeling of justice. The process is made up of the four main activities. These are introducing, analyzing, planning, and implementing (Anderson, 2011, p. 42). The process involves an action research scheme which allows to define the problem and analyze the reasons for introducing changes. Further, it is purposeful to plan an intervention, evaluate and implement it. The next step will involve collecting information to assess the intervention and define whether progress has been reached or whether further interventions are needed. Furthermore, it begins when a leader envisions relevant approaches and strives to enhance organizational performance (Jex and Britt, 2008, p. 473). Organization development relies on open systems methods and schemes so as to get a better idea of organization’s goals. Therefore, a shift occurred to one department of an organization cannot be supported without introducing shifts to other departments (Cummings and Worley, 2008, p. 50).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Organization development stems basically from three psychological theories for an organization to understand and motivate its employees. They include need theory, job analysis model, and expectancy theory that provid e a deep insight into personal differences among the team members, as well as different kinds of organizational aspects that influence behavior (Jex and Britt, 2008, p. 478). Need theory as a strategy considers motivation as a means to meet people’s needs and concerns. Need theory is strongly associated with organizational development because it is based Maslow’s theory introducing a hierarchy of needs (Jex, Britt, 2008, p. 480). It starts from the bottom with physical needs, as the basic concerns, and followed up by needs of self-esteem and actualization (McLean, 2005, p.32). Job characteristic model analyzes the way the personnel work. It also demonstrates how an employed environment influences employees’ motivation with regard to three psychological states (Jex and Britt, 2008, p. 483). Expectancy theory focuses on motivation with regard to decisions that members make concerning the effort they will take to perform organizational tasks. It suggests that choic es about work effort are premised on particular beliefs or values that members uphold. The model is used to introduce effective techniques for an organization to enhance employee incentives, which is also possible through introducing reward systems (Jex and Britt, 2008, p. 486). The factors that introduce organizational change and development include performance challenges, competition, organizational challenges, and technological advances. Many change strategies are more effective in reducing restraining forces and, therefore, will allow the driving conditions to provide change and decrease resistance (Jex and Britt, 2008, p. 497). Participative management entails involving members directly in realizing the need for shifts, developing corresponding changes, and putting those into practice. It is also imperative to analyze the need for change and make significant external stakeholders believe that these changes are urgent (Anderson, 2011, p. 100). A vision will present future perspe ctives allowing an organization to communicate effective ideas to their employees and provide a healthy work environment. Course of action strategy needs to be developed as well to implement change. This will act as the algorithm for an organization offering directions to present an appropriate final state while defining challenges (Jex and Britt, 2008, p. 499).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Development paper specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Leaders should be able to provide sufficient internal support and create a solid platform for introducing changes. In such a way, they can reduce resistance for employees to take an active part in the process of organizational change. By ensuring full commitment to an organization, leaders will play a crucial role in increasing organizational performance (Anderson, 2011, p. 150). However, lack of effective leadership skills heightens the challenges for publi c institutions. In this respect, organization should be provided with sufficient resources to manage change effectively. At this point, introducing planned organizational change can foster a rational distribution of resources within an organization. In addition, the public provides a stronger force for altering their interest in products (Jex, Britt, 2008, p. 501). In conclusion, in order to effect organization change, there is the need to resort to such stages as change identification, implementation planning, implementation, evaluation of the results, and seeking feedback. It is also important for a leader to understand the potential of the organization with regard to employees’ experience and motivation. References Anderson, L. D. (2011). Organization Development: The Process of Leading Organizational Change. California: SAGE. Cummings, G. T., Worley, G. C. (2008). Organization development change. Vancouver: Cengage Learning. Jex, M. S., Britt, W. T. (2008). Organizati onal psychology: A scientist – practitioner approach. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. McLean, N. G. (2005). Organization development: Principles, processes, performance. California: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Organizational Development paper was written and submitted by user Meadow R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Ethical Issue of Selling Kidneys Essay Example

Ethical Issue of Selling Kidneys Essay Example Ethical Issue of Selling Kidneys Essay Ethical Issue of Selling Kidneys Essay This Issue on selling your kidney Is not always a bad thing there are some people that really need a working kidney to stay alive. If someone is willing to donate a kidney I dont think that they should be punished or charged with a felony to help someone. Many people are having kidney failure every day and they should not be turned down for letting them have one of their kidneys that they do not need to live when someone who doesnt have a working kidney needs. Waiting for someone to die hat is healthy enough to donate their kidney or any other organ it might be too late to receive the organ. Ruth Sparrow needed money for a surgery that ultimately she had to have; selling her kidney was the only way she would come up with the money to pay off the medical bills that carried on after the surgery. There are sperm and egg banks out there that they get the money for Glenn them away. If its not a danger to the persons body or health than It should not be a crime for helping someone and receiving something In return. Many people cannot afford Insurance or have money gust piled up into a savings account that would allow them to pay off the medical bills that happens with one surgery. In the questions it asks if she is wrong for trying to sell her kidneys and I believe that it is not wrong that she could not afford the medical bills that went with having a surgery that she really needed at the time. Three reasons of why people might end up against payment for organs. One would be that they might not be able to afford the payments or they do not have to money to pay for the organ at the time it is needed. Second reason might be that their body might reject the organ that they Just paid payment on. Thirdly that the donor might have a history of health problems that may appear later on after the transplant happens. I feel that a prisoner that Is already going to die Like the one In the Chinese prison, and they are already volunteers to donate. It should not be a problem to take their organs from them. They should be allowed to remove them even after they die so that they can save someone else who actually needs them. Live it is wrong that omen might think that they will gain the prisoners personality after they have been on death row because if they really need the kidney or an organ then they would not worry where it came from sometimes they will not even tell you who the donor was. Many people will not turn down a working kidney that might save their life. Ultimately I believe that everyone should have a right to their body if It Is not causing harm to them. Donating organ can save ma ny lifes some you cannot save. If you are a healthy person and do not have any medical Issues and someone out there Is dying because they do not have a kidney or bone marrow donating It or selling It because you have other medical bills should not be such a big deal they make it out to De. Rut sparrow In tens article snouts not De changer Tort a crime Tanat seen name to do in order to pay bills off and for a kidney that she could live without and not cause any other problems with the donation or organ. If you can sell your sperm and eggs without being asked questions, it should be all right to sell a kidney so that they can save someone rather than risk it being too late whenever someone has died.

Data use in clinical and administrative decision making in health care Literature review

Data use in clinical and administrative decision making in health care ( nursing ) - Literature review Example For now, the people can benefit from health through the clinical services of the nurses and byte technologies of computer. DATA USE IN CLINICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE DECISION MAKING IN NURSING HEALTH CARE An interesting fact about nursing care is that as opposed to the popular concept, nurses do not devote more time to patient care (Westra et al, 2010, pp 336 and Ball, 2005, pp 1). In fact, nurses have been documented to spend as less as 15% of their total time taking care of the patients, and the remaining time in organizing and documenting the data that they receive (Ball, 2005, pp 1). This creates a concern for health care professionals and even nurses, since more documentation means that there is less clinical experience gained through direct contact with the patients (Ball, 2005, pp 1). The challenge does not end here. Nurses are now providing more services to the patients and the health care industry than that in the past (Ball, 2005, pp 2). They are taking on more active roles in providing care for their patietns, instead of taking a backseat to doctors and other senior health care administrators. This means that the responsibilities and challenges have also increased substantially. Patients are now benefitting from innovative nursing services such as information prescriptions (Ball, 2005, pp 2). ... terized methods have made it increasingly easier to document at a faster pace, which means that nurses are able to work more in less time and provide the highest levels of quality care to the patients (Ball, 2005, pp 1, Weber, 2010, np). It reduces the time and effort involved in communication between different personnel by providing the information within easy access, and through a proper set of guidelines and protocols (Ball, 2005, pp 1). Nurses are better able to coordinate the different activities that need to take place during a patient’s care, and create analogies and associations within it, so as to reach better decisions regarding care of the patient. This increases their efficiency in clinical areas too (Ball, 2005, pp 1). The use of technological tools in the nursing field is not a new concept. However, due to lack of skills in the area, nurses were unable to apply this system. Alongside, lack of motivation may also be one of the reasons why IT did not become an inte gral part of nursing till now. The applications of such IT systems however, have increased so much in the nursing sector that now it is even able to take up clinical decision challenges. In this regard, the literature review aims to highlight the contribution of IT sector in the various management activities of the nursing professionals. It aims to highlight how nurses can benefit through these technologies to improve their performances and clinical decisions. By understanding the advantages, the challenges as well as future applications of this technology, new researches can be carried out to improve the quality of care in nursing profession. There are many reasons why an age old process such as clinical decision making remains one of the most challenging areas in nursing practice. Many

Economic growth and convergence in poor countries Dissertation

Economic growth and convergence in poor countries - Dissertation Example d stimulation of the sales by means of advertising, personal sales, public relations and various material incentives addressed to consumers, agents and sellers; provision of price conditions, that include planning of the systems and price levels for provided goods, defining technology of price, credit, discount usage; satisfaction of technical and social norms of the region where the products are sold, which means the duty to provide appropriate security of product consumption and environment protection, accordance to moral norms, appropriate level of consumer value of the product; managing economic growth activity as a system, i.e. planning, carrying out and control of economic growth program and individual duties of each participant of production process; evaluation of the risks and profits, efficiency of economic growth decisions. The given paper will provide the analysis of the problems, which developing countries face on the way to economic growth and will prove that in order to stimulate economy, it is necessary to provide innovations in the field of marketing and management. Research analysis and limitations The research process should cover a number of stages. First and foremost, the detailed review of literature is performed, to identify the gaps in research and develop a clearer picture of contemporary management practices in the developing countries. The development of the research question was followed by the analysis of the available literature and potential research objects. Researched countries made the whole research relevant, efficient, and justified. The choice of Ukraine as an example was followed by the development of the research instrument and its analysis. The most important research findings include: The prevailing majority of developing... During the process of market-oriented reformatting a new model of economic development was shaped in many developing countries. It is characterized by high degree of economical openness towards foreign commerce. Many developing countries face the following problems:†¢Ã‚  Limited domestic demand, caused by total pauperization of the population and large-scale humiliation of pre-reforming savings. It leads to narrowness of domestic market, which produces a small volume of solvent demand, regardless of relatively big population. Under such circumstances export becomes a significant factor of economic growth, which is abnormal for economical security of the state, and affects the perspectives of the state influence on the processes of world economy. Market narrowness does not produce appropriate stimulus for investment in the state from domestic and foreign investors.†¢Ã‚  Unfavorable nature of investment climate, caused by incompleteness of the market-addresses institutional r eforms, high level of interference of state institutions and officials into economical activity, high rates of corruption, incompleteness of market infrastructure. It produces the narrowness of domestic market and detracts the capital flows from the country.For example, the crisis of Ukrainian economy was caused by insufficiently considered monetary policy of the government and influence of the structures that are interested in creation of economy of non-payment. Government is planning to remove these structures.

Auto Mobile vs Amusement Park Safety Essay Example for Free

Auto Mobile vs Amusement Park Safety Essay Automobiles today are built with many different safety features, and these are so the person(s) within the vehicle do not get injured and or killed. Also these features are not to only protect the people(s) but also the company that the automobile came from, so for example if someone was driving a car and got into a serious wreck and the air bags did not deploy therefore injuring the victim then they could sue the automobile company for money, a new car, pain and suffering, etc. Some of these safety features include Brakes, Airbags, seat belts, and more. When talking about brakes in a car you’re going to want to know what it is your getting because there are many different options in brakes, some examples of this being your regular brakes like you push down the peddle softly and the car with start to slow down or Anti-Lock Brakes or ABS, The primary purpose of anti-lock brakes is to prevent a cars wheels from locking during panic braking. By allowing the car to slow in a more controlled manner, the driver can often maintain better steering control and avoid an accident. Brakes can easily be interpreted by Newtons first law of motion which states that every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change its state by the action of an external force. So a car is moving along the road and the car steps of the gas now the car will eventually stop from the friction of the pavement to the tires but let’s say it doesn’t. So while the car is moving at the speed you let off the gas the car will keep moving at the same speed unless acted on by an opposing force which in this case are the brakes. Know the brakes are applied and what brakes do is they but force of the tiers of the car and that produces friction on the tiers which in term slow the tires down thus slowing the car down. Airbags in a car are extreme safety features because they keep a person(s) from potentially coming out of the front window; seat belts will also do the same but with a little more added protection. So say a car were to hit you from behind what would happen? Well besides your car being wrecked. The body(s) would start moving forward. This is because of part of Newton’s first law of motion which states a body at rest tends to stay at rest unless acted upon by another force. So your car is sitting at a stop light but the car behind you does not stop so they run into the back of you well your body will fly forward. Because you were at rest and then a force came and pushed you out of rest therefore moving you in the same direction as the car that hit you. So the air bag and seat belt are there to stop you from flying forward and getting severely injured. Amusement park rides and cars have some of the same safety features and even if there not called the same thing they do the same thing for example a seat belt in a car is the same as the harness on a roller coaster. In my opinion I find roller coasters safer then cars because there are equipped with the same features but there are few outside forces to mess with it unlike a car. Because unless due to a technical problem a roller coaster cart will not smash into another roller coaster cart. Amusement park rides also have brakes most of these are more heavy duty breaks then car but then again your taking a one ton car vs. a potentially one hundred ton ride so you’re going to need that extra power to help. Some would argue that to many safety features on an amusement park ride can take the thrill away, I would have to disagree with that because I myself have been on many and I feel thrill every single time. But in a ride if there are many safety features then usual then that will typically mean that the ride is potentially more dangerous than a lesser safety featured ride and this can be because of high speeds, higher altitudes and so on. So if you come to a ride with many safety features it’s not because they want to take away the thrill but because they want to make you safe and once again like automobile company’s not get sued.

The Tragedy of Oedipus Rex :: Oedipus the King Oedipus Rex

The Tragedy of Oedipus Rex Oedipus Rex is a tragedy that illustrates a man's sense of justice. The same man is also paranoid and impulsive. In the text, he overcomes his negative characteristics and succumbs to his greater sense of justice and responsibility. The king of Thebes is shown as a just ruler who cares about the suffering of his people. After saving the city from the Sphinx and her riddle, King Oedipus learns that a plague has beset upon the population. After consulting with the oracle at Delphi, Oedipus realizes that an unsolved crime is the cause for the suffering of the people. In this consultation, the oracle tells Creon that corruption must be driven from the land. At this point, the corruption is assumed to be the murder of the previous king of Thebes. This is a hint of what is to come in the reading. A simple murder is usually described as a crime or an offense. The word corruption alludes to a greater span of wrong that has been committed. In his rash manner, Oedipus sets out to solve this mystery so that the plague in Thebes will end. When the blind prophet Tiresias is summoned, the king loses his temper and shows more of his true character. After relentlessly questioning Tiresias, the perpetrator of the murder is revealed. Oedipus himself is the murderer being sought. After being insulted in Corinth, Oedipus had angrily left and set out on his own. In his journey, he encountered King Laius's party enroute to the oracle. The two parties clashed at the crossroads and Oedipus killed all but one of his foes. The curse that Jocasta describes came true on that day. She had tried to avoid fate by casting away the infant Oedipus, but years later he reappeared at that junction near Phocis. King Laius was Oedipus's father and the curse bore fruit. James Weigel best summarizes Oedipus's sense of justice in his writing: "Having learned the full truth of his dark destiny, his last act as king is to blind himself furiously over the dead body of Jocasta, his wife and mother. It is a terrible, agonizing moment, even in description. But in his depths of pain Oedipus is magnificent. He does not submit passively to his woe or plead that he committed his foul act in ignorance, although he could do so with justice. He blinds himself in a rage of penitence, accepting total responsibility for what he did and determined to take the punishment of exile as well" (Weigel 1601).

Iago Literary Essay

Iago the Master of Manipulation Throughout the play Othello by William Shakespeare, Iago the antagonist develops a scheme to ruin Othello’s life, just because he didn’t get the position of lieutenant and uses people from Roderigo to Cassio to unfold his plans. Now, how can this villainous man manipulate people around him so well? Iago effectively manipulates Roderigo, Cassio and Othello by using Roderigo’s love for Desdemona, by implying to Cassio that he’s helping him for his interests when it’s actually the opposite, and by acting as an â€Å"honest† person in front of Othello to hide his true foul personality. SparkNoted Editors). Iago uses Roderigo’s â€Å"obsessive† love for Desdemona to manipulate him to help him and assures Roderigo he will help him attain Desdemona. (The Polymath). He then tries to comfort Roderigo when he finds out Desdemona is married to Othello by using the metaphor, â€Å"Our bodies are our gardens, to the which our wills are gardeners. † (I. iii. 319-320). Here Iago reacts to Roderigo wanting to commit suicide by telling him to take care of himself, and instead to try to win Desdemona with his money; but actually uses his money for his own plans and makes fun of him for being so naive. Thus do I make my fool my purse. † (I. iii. 315) and all this time poor Roderigo has been tricked by Iago from the beginning of the play to the end because Roderigo wanted Desdemona to such an extent. Iago tricked Cassio into thinking he was helping him for his benefit when all along it was only a part of Iago’s plan to ruin the bond between Othello and Desdemona. Iago himself caused trouble for Cassio and that leads to Cassio’s lieutenant position revoked, only to tell him to get help from Desdemona. Our Generals wife is now the General/Confess yourself freely to her. Importune her help to put you in your place again. † (II. iii. 293-298). Iago has many Asideâ⠂¬â„¢s in the play telling the audience of his plans. By making Cassio talk with Desdemona Iago plants suspicion into Othello to ruin his peace of mind. â€Å"Yet that I put the Moor at least into a jealousy so strong that judgement cannot cure/I’ll have our Micheal Cassio on the hip, abuse him to the Moor in the rank garb. † As Iago does this in several ccasions it’s all for his own benefit, â€Å"Make the Moor thank me, love me, and reward me for making him egregiously an ass and practising upon his peace and quiet even to madness. †(II. i. 294-305). Iago successfully ends a part of his plan by killing two birds with one stone, Roderigo and Cassio. â€Å"Now whether he kill Cassio, or Cassio him, or each do kill the other, every way makes my game. † (V. i. 12-14). Hence, Iago manipulates Cassio by implying he is helping him when it’s the opposite. To manipulate Othello, Iago acts as an honest and good person in front of Othello to hide his foul personality.Throughout the play, you hear Iago saying, â€Å"I hate the Moor† (I. iii. 361). He even tells Roderigo all his schemes. Through a Paradox Shakespeare reveals Iago’s true intentions. â€Å"In following him, I follow but myself. † (I. i. 58). again Iago only stays with Ohtello for his own benefit and he says his outward appearance is only to fool Othello so he doesn’t lose trust in Iago, â€Å"I am not what I am. †(I. i. 65); but interactions between Roderigo and Iago reveals a â€Å"streak of cowardice† in Iago as he tries so hard to hide his bad intentions from Othello he even kills own wife. SparkNotes Editors). Therefore Iago manipulates Othello by acting as an honest and good man to hide his true-foul personality. Iago, possibly the most â€Å"heinous villain† in Shakespeare lets his anger and jealousy overpower him and ruin Othello’s life with his manipulative skills. (SparkNotes Editors). Iago effectivel y manipulates Rodrigo by using his love for Desdemona, by implying to Cassio he’s helping him for his interests when its actually the opposite and by acting as an honest and good person in front of Othello to hide his true-foul personality.Work Cited The Polymath. Iago’s Manipulation on Roderigo in Othello. Yahoo! Voices. (2010): n. page. Web. 8 Jun. 2012. . SparkNotes Editors. SparkNotes on Othello. SparkNotes. com. SparkNotes LLC. 2002. Web. 8 Jun. 2012. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Othello, The Moor of Venice. Massachusetts: Blaisdell Publishing Company, 1966. Print.